• Intriguingly one E residue may serve as a

  2020-04-09

  

  Intriguingly, one E2 residue may serve as a molecular ‘gate’ to allow the C-terminus of ubiquitin to access the closed E2~Ub conformations favorable for ubiquitin transfer. This residue, Asp87 in UbcH5 family members, resides on one side of the opening that leads to the active site Cys (Fig. 4D). In

• URB597 br Materials and methods br Discussion To date only

  2020-04-09

  

  Materials and methods Discussion To date, only a fraction of studies pertaining to analysis of avian semen have focused on the study of DNA, with the vast majority being associated with the effects of cryopreservation on sperm DNA integrity (Kotłowska et al., 2007, Madeddu et al., 2009, Partyk

• br Results br Discussion Repair by

  2020-04-09

  

  Results Discussion Repair by NHEJ implicitly requires the pairing together of broken chromosome ends. A complex of Ku, XRCC4, DNA ligase IV, and XLF (PEC) is necessary and sufficient for this purpose (Reid et al., 2015). Here, we describe dynamic changes in this complex that are triggered by d

• br STAR Methods br Acknowledgments We

  2020-04-09

  

  STAR★Methods Acknowledgments We are grateful to Matthias Mayer at ZMBH in Heidelberg for access to his CD-spectrometer and his help in data interpretation. Technical support by Wolfgang Weinig is gratefully acknowledged. This project was financially supported by the European Union as part of t

• br Diacylglycerol kinases and T cell responses

  2020-04-09

  

  Diacylglycerol kinases and T cell responses Diacylglycerol kinases and cancer Several studies implicate DGKα in tumor progression, but its function is debated, as it might also have roles as a tumor suppressor. Diminished DGKα expression is linked to malignant transformation in epithelia. High

• Of note BRQ and LFM are two

  2020-04-09

  

  Of note, BRQ and LFM are two well-known immunosuppressive agents (Batt, 1999). As for LFM, it was reported as immunosuppressive therapy for bone marrow (Avery et al., 2004) and renal (Chon and Josephson, 2011) transplantation. Accumulating evidence indicated that organ transplant patients irrelevant

• As discussed in the introduction many pregnant women take me

  2020-04-09

  

  As discussed in the introduction, many pregnant women take medications such as nifedipine and indinavir, which are considerably metabolized by CYP3A [26]. Previous reports have also shown increased CYP3A activity following pregnancy [7], [9], which is consistent with our results. However, previous s

• Key molecules in the EP second messenger signaling cascade t

  2020-04-08

  

  Key molecules in the EP1 second messenger signaling cascade that are necessary for potentiation of GluK2/GluK5 were identified. We also identified three GluK5 serines located in a membrane-proximal C-terminal domain that, when mutated to the phosphomimetic aspartate and expressed with GluK2, rendere

• Since its inception ADEPT approach has been

  2020-04-08

  

  Since its inception, ADEPT approach has been widely reported by many groups using a variety of enzymes and prodrugs (see reviews) [12], [14]. Both mammalian and non-mammalian enzymes have been utilised. Of the mammalian variety, human β-glucuronidase in combination with many prodrugs [17], [18] and

• In general cellular senescence is considered a programmed re

  2020-04-08

  

  In general, cellular senescence is considered a programmed response to stress that can be activated by oxidative stress, irradiation or action of substances or drugs. These stressors cause DNA damage and, through the action of specific proteins (p53 and p21), lead to cell senescence (di Fagagna, 200

• The lack of effective strategies

  2020-04-08

  

  The lack of effective strategies, aiming to directly increase the neuronal survival, is reflected by the fact that the only available therapeutic interventions are indirect. They consist of acute therapeutic interventions involving chemical and/or surgical removal of the thrombotic clot (Taqi et al.

• Introduction Ubiquitylation is a post translational

  2020-04-07

  

  Introduction Ubiquitylation is a post-translational modification which impacts almost every biological process in the cell. Dysregulation of the ubiquitylation pathway is associated with several diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and immunological dysfunctions. Single ubiquiti

• br Regulation of DGK activity

  2020-04-07

  

  Regulation of DGK activity Activation of the DGKs is complex and unique for each DGK isotype. In most cases, DGKs must translocate to a membrane compartment to access DAG. However, translocation does not necessarily activate the enzyme [57]. In addition, DGK activity can be modified by other cofa

• br Introduction Hematopoietic stem cells and leukemic stem

  2020-04-07

  

  Introduction Hematopoietic stem HC 067047 and leukemic stem cells (HSCs and LSCs, respectively) both have a capacity of self-renewal. Whereas HSCs give rise to all blood lineages during lifetime hematopoiesis, LSCs are responsible for the initiation and propagation of leukemia, as well as drug r

• We found that both DDR and

  2020-04-07

  

  We found that both DDR1 and DDR2 ECD increased matrix mineralization as compared to native cells, with the effect of DDR2 ECD being more prominent. Both soluble (DDR2/ECD) and membrane-bound DDR2 ECD (DDR2/-KD), when compared to wild-type cells, induced larger mineral deposits. In this regard, a rec

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